Review of Special Committee on decolonization's work on the Puerto Rican case

June12, 2006
United Nations Press Release -GA/COL/3138 

ENTRADA
NOTICIAS

Discútalo en el
Foro Discusión


Periódicos de Puerto Rico

El Nuevo Día
El Vocero
Primera Hora

Background

The Special Committee on decolonization had before it a report (document A/AC.109/2006/L.3) that highlights Puerto Rico’s general constitutional and political status, reviews recent political, economic and military developments in the Territory, and outlines previous action taken by the United Nations, including by the Special Committee.

Also before it was a draft resolution on the Special Committee decision of 13 June 2005 concerning Puerto Rico (document A/AC.109/2006/L.7), by which the General Assembly would reaffirm the inalienable right of the people of Puerto Rico to self-determination and independence, and call upon the United States to expedite a process that would allow the full exercise of that right.

Further by that text, the Assembly would express serious concern regarding actions carried out against Puerto Rican independence fighters in the last few months, and encourage an investigation of those actions. It would urge the United States to return the occupied land and installations on Vieques Island and in Ceiba to Puerto Rico; respect fundamental human rights; assume responsibility for the costs of cleaning up and decontaminating the impact areas previously used in military exercises; and address the serious consequences of its military activity for the health of the inhabitants of Vieques and the environment.

The draft would further have the General Assembly request the President of the United States to release all Puerto Rican political prisoners serving sentences of over 25 years for cases relating to the struggle for the independence of Puerto Rico, as well as those serving sentences for cases relating to the Vieques Island peace struggle.

Introductory Remarks by Chairman

Special Committee Chairman JULIAN R. HUNTE (Saint Lucia) said 40 requests for hearing had been received, double the number heard last year, and the Special Committee had, thus far, adopted 24 resolutions and decisions on the question of Puerto Rico. That indicated the Special Committee’s sustained interest in Puerto Rico’s constitutional and political evolution process.

He said the Special Committee had studied the White House Task Force Report on Puerto Rico released last December, which presented certain perspectives on Puerto Rico’s evolution and future options. It had also reviewed the June 2005 report of the United States Congressional Research Service, Political Status of Puerto Rico: Background, Options and Issues. Recently, the Committee had reviewed several bills before the United States House of Representatives on the Territory’s political evolution and had noted with interest the views expressed during the April hearings of the House of Representatives Committee on Resources.

Over the years, the Special Committee had benefited from hearing the enlightening views and perspectives of various political parties, as well as civil society and other groups, he said, and looked forward to hearing the petitioners’ updates on Puerto Rico’s present situation. Such updates would help Member States better understand the situation on the ground and make appropriate recommendations on the way forward.

Petitioners’ Statements

JULIO E. FONTANET MALDONADO, Colegio de Abogados de Puerto Rico, said he was once again appearing before the Special Committee to denounce the colonial situation in Puerto Rico. Last year, he had asked the Special Committee to refer the case to the General Assembly and stressed the need to use a constitutional assembly as the mechanism for decolonization. Today, it was more necessary than ever to repeat that request. The United States had demonstrated a lack of will in dealing with the issue. In a December 2005 White House report on Puerto Rico’s status, the only coherent conclusion was that Puerto Rico was still a Territory, which constituted a recognition of the false representation that the United States had made before the United Nations, resulting in Puerto Rico’s exclusion from the list of Non-Self-Governing Territories in 1953. The report recommended a plebiscite, authorized by the Federal Government, whereby people would be asked if they wished to follow a constitutional avenue in determining their status.

He said that did not comply with United Nations resolutions because it would start in Congress, rather than with the people of Puerto Rico. If any programmes came up, the congressional bill would also have federal courts deal with any issues, not Puerto Rican tribunals. Self-sufficiency was also recognized as belonging to the Government, rather than the people of Puerto Rico. In recent months, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had infringed on the rights of the Puerto Rican people. On 23 February 2005, members of that Bureau had shot and killed 72-year-old activist Filiberto Ojeda Rios, and all attempts to identify those involved had been prevented by the Federal Government.

It was important to restate the urgent need for the case of Puerto Rico to be brought to the General Assembly plenary and to promote a constitutional assembly as an ideal process for decolonization, he said. There was also a need for a mission to visit Puerto Rico. “We are tired and fed up with the situation. It is shameful for the international community.”

ANGEL ORTIZ-GUZMAN, Pro Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico (PROELA), said that, despite the Special Committee’s 24 resolutions on the status of Puerto Rico, there had been no movement on the part of the United States to advance the decolonization process. It was time to invoke the United Nations Charter and have the United States take the necessary action. The Special Committee should conduct a visiting mission to Puerto Rico and hold hearings on the island, as it had done last year in Bermuda. It should do the same in Puerto Rico in order to get a real sense of the Territory’s status. The PROELA supported a constitutional assembly on Puerto Rico’s status, rejected all forms of colonialism and solutions that did not comply with international law, supported the right to self-determination and sovereignty, and defended free association as a formula to achieve that sovereignty.

Puerto Rico’s socio-economic situation was very precarious, he continued, noting that the United States was preventing it from achieving sustainable development by forbidding the Territory from becoming an observer in international organizations. In his June 2003 letter, then Deputy Secretary of State James Swigert had opposed Puerto Rico’s intention to join the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) as an associate member. Note verbale 871 of 20 May 2003, sent by the United States Embassy in Panama to all members of the Central American Integration System (SICA), called on all embassies to recognize the United States Government as being solely responsible for Puerto Rican affairs and stated that any visits of high-level Puerto Rican officials should not be considered as visits by Heads of State. The note verbale further said that it was not appropriate to allow Puerto Rico to become a member or observer of an international organization where members and observers were sovereign States. The 22 December 2005 report of the Inter-agency Work Group clearly demonstrated that the United States continued to give Puerto Rico colonial and territorial treatment 54 years after its establishment.

Calling for action, he said Puerto Rico’s national dignity and economical survival depended on the case being taken to the General Assembly and reiterated the right of Puerto Ricans to review a request that examined their future statues. The United States Government should be obliged to initiate and support the exercise by Puerto Ricans of their inalienable rights.

FERNANDO J. MARTIN-GARCIA, Partido Independista Puertorriqueño, said the independence of Puerto Rico was the one remaining part of the independence congress convened by Simon Bolivar in 1836 that had yet to be addressed. The Bolivarian ideal of Puerto Rican independence was an issue for Latin American principles, going far beyond any electoral issues, and United States politicians should not be expressing preferences regarding the people of Puerto Rico.

He said the White House inter-agency report of December 2005 said Puerto Rico continued to be a territorial possession subject to the plenary power of Congress, in other words, a colony. The fact that the Puerto Rican people favoured decolonization was not in doubt. There was a need to recognize that Puerto Rico was still a colony, and that there was a trend for Latin American nations to discover their solidarity and resent the colonialism governing Puerto Rico.

Repudiating the constitution that the governing party was defending, he said it refused to define Puerto Rico’s status as “colonial”. It was outrageous that they had come to the Special Committee to defend colonization. Colonialism in Puerto Rico was not just a fundamental violation of human rights; it was also an economic straitjacket perpetuating underdevelopment and marginalizing Puerto Ricans.

ALEIDA CENTENO RODRIGUEZ, Puertorriqueñas en Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional, denounced the United States for using Puerto Rico as a military base to avoid its responsibility under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Also, although the United Nations had stated that two thirds of the world population would not have access to potable water by 2025, the United States had enacted a series of laws allegedly to protect Puerto Rico’s water resources, including the Caribbean National Forest Wild and Scenic River Act, which gave the United States first rights to the water in that area, and the Caribbean National Forest Wilderness Act. Both acts were opposed by the Puerto Rican people. Further, the United States had used the Revised Land and Resource Management Plan to authorize use of the land and resources, which had resulted in the dumping of residue and equipment, as well as chemical and biological changes.

Other United States laws permitted the entry of the National Nuclear Security Administration and created exclusivity in its favour for research, she said. They also authorized the installation of nuclear production facilities by the United States Department of Energy. Those laws violated Puerto Rico’s right to decide whether to accept those facilities on its Territory. Furthermore, the United States Senate had before it a bill that would allow it to claim rights to all rivers in northern Puerto Rico under the Puerto Rico Karst Conservation Act. The Special Committee should also scrutinize the degrading, inhuman treatment of Puerto Ricans by the United States, whose presence on the island was part of its imperialist expansion begun in 1898. The Special Committee should send a visiting mission to evaluate such activities, prevent violations of international law, and guarantee Puerto Rico’s transition to independence.

IVAN RIVERA, Colectivo Autonomista Puertorriqueño, said different groups had come before the Special Committee to offer various points of view on the Puerto Rican situation. Despite the different ideological perspectives of each one, the common theme was the hope for the creation of a nation and for a clear process of self-determination. Puerto Rico’s lack of political and economic independence must be addressed, as its people had not been able to make their right to self-determination a reality. In the United States, there had been attempts to take over the debate on the issue, as well as projects designed to redirect the will of the Puerto Rican people.

He said the inter-agency working group named at the end of 2005, far from fulfilling the responsibilities of the United States Government, could be used to impose whatever the United States wished, including the possibility of ceding Puerto Rico to any other country. The ongoing silence of the United States Government was such that the few cases during which it had been broken had been used tacitly to establish its dominance over Puerto Rico. The United States was denying millions of Puerto Rican nationals the right to determine their political future and also put them at risk of losing their human rights. Given its juridical ambiguity, the issue of Puerto Rico should be raised to the plenary level of the General Assembly. Hearings should also be held in Puerto Rico.

GUSTAVO CARVAJAL, Conferencia Permanente de Partidos Pol íticos de Am érica Latina y el Caribe (COPPAL), said that, although colonization had been extinguished in most parts of the world, some 4 million citizens of Puerto Rico did not enjoy their right to self-determination. During the twentieth century, the United States had used Puerto Rico as a political bastion to protect its access to the Panama Canal and did not view Puerto Rican independence as being in its geopolitical interests. But Puerto Ricans spoke Spanish and were part of Latin America. The Puerto Rican independence movement was proof of the population’s firmness and determination. The time was ripe for decolonization, particularly since the island’s strategic importance for the United States had disappeared after the end of the cold war and since the Panama Canal was now under Panamanian control.

He asked the Special Committee to take note of last December’s report by the United States Inter-agency Task Force, which marked the first time that the Executive Branch had formally recognized Puerto Rico as a non-incorporated territory and that such status was transitory. Further, the report proposed a vote for the Puerto Rican people to express their determination to end their political subordination. The report had led to a number of bipartisan measures in the United States Congress. It was incumbent upon the Puerto Rican people to exercise their own right to self-determination under General Assembly resolution 1514, but the international community also had a responsibility to facilitate the exercise of that right. The Special Committee must restate the need for the General Assembly to take up the case of Puerto Rico. In 1953, the United States Government had requested that the United Nations exclude Puerto Rico from the list of countries under colonial rule. Mexico had opposed that request. The COPPAL urged the Special Committee to adopt a resolution mandating the General Assembly to reassess Puerto Rico’s status and reaffirm its independence, as well as the United States’ obligations.

RAUL ALFONSIN, Committee for Latin America and the Caribbean of the Socialist International, said Puerto Rico was a Latin American nation whose independence had been on the Latin American agenda since the beginning of the nineteenth century. Speaking as an Argentine and as a firm defender of democracy, he demanded Puerto Rico’s independence with the same fervour with which he claimed the undeniable right of Argentina to the Malvinas. Colonialism, by any definition, was a violation of democracy whose fundamental principle was the right of people to participate in the governments and agencies that governed their lives. A foreign congress dictated the laws that governed Puerto Rico.

He said he was satisfied that steps were being taken in the United States to deal with the Puerto Rico issue. It had formally been acknowledged that Puerto Rico was a Non-Self-Governing Territory, and steps should be taken to do away with that status. Bills had been introduced in the United States House of Representatives and Senate to achieve those goals. There were differences over what Puerto Rico’s ultimate status should be, but the Socialist International acknowledged that that decision was incumbent on the Puerto Rican people, and supported independence for Puerto Rico, following more than a century of United States colonialism.

Introduction of Draft Resolution

RODRIGO MALMIERCA DIAZ ( Cuba), introducing the draft resolution on the Special Committee decision of 13 June 2005 concerning Puerto Rico (document A/AC.109/2006/L.7), said that today’s large turnout was evidence of the great interest in Puerto Rico’s future. The people of Puerto Rico still could not exercise their legitimate right to self-determination because the United States continued its attempts to reaffirm its economic, political and social domination over the Territory. The United Nations had stated clearly in its 24 resolutions over the past years, which reaffirmed General Assembly resolution 1514, that the United States must honour the process of allowing the Puerto Rican people to exercise their inalienable rights. Puerto Rico was and would continue to be a Latin American and Caribbean nation with its own national identity.

He said the draft resolution urged the United States to give back all land occupied on the Vieques island and facilities in both Vieques and Ceiba, to pay for and undertake the cost of cleaning up and decontaminating the affected areas, and to be accountable for the serious environmental and health consequences there resulting from its military activity. The Non-aligned Movement had repeatedly expressed its solidarity with the Puerto Rican people, and, in that context, the draft noted the important statements made during the final document of the Non-Aligned Movements Ministerial Meeting held last May in Malaysia.

The draft resolution expressed the Special Committee’s deep concern for the violent acts, including intimidation and repression, that had been committed in the last few months against Puerto Rican pro-independence representatives, he said. It urged an investigation into those acts, including the 23 September assassination of pro-independence leader Filiberto Ojeda Rios in an operation executed by FBI agents. The 75-year-old had been wounded and left to bleed to death. The raid on him and countless other pro-independence leaders carried out by federal agents had sparked a wave of repudiation by the Puerto Rican people. As in previous years, this year’s draft asked the United States President to release Puerto Rican political prisoners who had been serving prison sentences during the last 25 years due to their call for Puerto Rican independence and their protests of the United States presence in Vieques.

The need for the General Assembly to comprehensively review the situation was increasingly urgent, he said, expressing the hope that the Special Committee could submit the Puerto Rico case directly to the General Assembly. While the delegations of Cuba and Venezuela would have preferred changes and additions to some of the text, the draft did include important new elements, nonetheless. In the interest of consensus, those delegations had agreed to the text in its current form.

Continuation of Petitioners’ Statements

VANESSA RAMOS, American Association of Jurists, said the group was firmly committed to eradicating colonialism, and expressed the hope that the General Assembly would include the issue of Puerto Rico on its agenda. The United States should stop the bombardment and war exercises on Vieques, and also take on the full cost of cleaning and decontaminating the island’s water of the toxic materials that were causing significant health problems. All lands in Vieques should be returned in such a way that they benefited the people of Puerto Rico, not transnational corporations.

She said recent police actions pointed to the colonial nature of Puerto Rico. The Untied States had systematically persecuted members of independence groups, and the recent attack on Filiberto Ojeda Rios involving more than 100 people was a military action, not police activity. It was clear that the FBI’s objective had not been to arrest, but to kill. The association energetically repudiated that crime and requested the arrest and trial of those responsible. It also called on the President of the United States to make a humanitarian gesture by freeing Puerto Rican prisoners in American prisons.

JUAN MARIA BRIAS, Causa Común Independentista and El Comité Puerto Rico en las Naciones Unidas (COPRONU), said that the Causa Común’s first education project had begun in 1989 and involved monitoring discussion of the colonial case of Puerto Rico in the United Nations for more than 30 years. A group of Puerto Rican international law students, who were attending the Special Committee for the first time, had examined the draft of 6 June 2006 and proposed three amendments to the document. They felt preambular paragraph 7 should be deleted because it was not correct to say that the Inter-agency Task Force on Puerto Rico’s status “designated by the President of the United States which submitted the report of 22 of December 2005 affirmed that Puerto Rico was a Territory subjected to United States congressional authority”, because no such report existed. The United States President’s spokespeople had publicly acknowledged that he had not even read the report mentioned in the draft resolution. That was proof of manipulation by the most colonialist sector in Washington.

He said it was an offence to the national dignity of all Puerto Ricans that their country should continue to be the property of the United States and subject to the plenary powers of Congress, so much so that that body could unilaterally decide to cede Puerto Rico to another foreign country. That outrageous statement should not be in the Special Committee’s draft resolution, nor should the Special Committee recognize the United States report. The draft resolution should condemn the assassination of Filiberto Ojeda Rios and not merely state its serious concern over it. The COPRONU proposed “expresses the urgency” rather than “reiterates again the hope of the General Assembly”, to examine the case of Puerto Rico. After 34 years, the Puerto Rican people’s right to self-determination was absolutely urgent.

JOSE CASTILLO, Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, said the group had appeared in the past to denounce colonialism in Puerto Rico and hoped the Special Committee would show its commitment to the island’s struggle for self-determination, so that it could join the United Nations in its own right. The Special Committee and its resolutions on Puerto Rico were indispensable instruments.

He called upon the United States Government to assure the Puerto Rican people of their right to self-determination and human rights and immediately cease the persecution, arrests, and murders perpetrated against independence fighters. Vieques peace activists must be freed immediately, and the FBI’s electronic surveillance and continued harassment of independence fighters must be stopped. The United States must also end its actions against basic human rights while fully implementing the United Nations resolution calling for a constituent assembly to begin decolonization.

Puerto Rico had its own national identity, he said, adding that, since its 1898 invasion, the United States had tried to destroy the nationality of Puerto Rican people. It kept Puerto Rico in isolation, maintaining it as private corporation from which it earned billions a year. That exploitation had made foreigners richer and the Puerto Rican people poorer. The fact that Puerto Rico was the last territory in the world could not be hidden. Violation of rights there would cease only once it was a free and independent nation. The United States must provide compensation for what it had done to Puerto Rico’s land and people.

NESTOR DUPREY SALGADO, Movimiento Autonomista Socialdemocrata de Puerto Rico, said the group had outlined 10 principles for a new pact of free association between Puerto Rico and the United states, taking into account General Assembly resolution 1514 and the 12 September 1978 resolution of the Special Committee, as well as the constitutional experience of the United States and the historical aspirations for Puerto Rican autonomy. That called for negotiating a new pact or association treaty between the United States, and Puerto Rico which could only be amended with the consent of both sides. It also called for giving Puerto Rico full sovereignty rights except in areas that the pact had authorized for the United States. The pact, among other things, would also require that the United States provide economic and technical support to help Puerto Rico develop economically and achieve self-sufficiency.

He said that the December 2005 Inter-agency Committee created by the United States President to review the issue of Puerto Rico had made statements that culminated in an attitude of scorn towards the Puerto Rican people and their call for changes to their island’s status. Resolution 748 (1953) showed the growing influence of the United States in Puerto Rico. The non-compliance of the United States of the 1967, 1975 and 1995 calls for development of the free associated State and the fact that the Special Committee continued to maintain jurisdiction over the case of Puerto Rico had made the United States-Puerto Rican relationship a colonial one, which must end. The Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico and the United States Congress had yet to see legislation that would give the Puerto Rican people a vote and voice that would determine their future. Although it was incumbent on Puerto Ricans to decide their future status, the international community could not be absent from that debate. The General Assembly should examine the cases, and the Committee, with the support of most Latin American and European Governments, should back that demand. The 1950 step towards decolonization was insufficient and inconclusive.

EDGARDO OJEDA SERRANO, MINH Zona de Mayaguez, saying that he represented the family of Filiberto Ojeda Rios and others who had suffered the violent assassination of a man who had led the independence movement -– his beloved father -- said he appeared before the Special Committee to denounce one of the clearest acts that a colony could suffer: an extrajudicial, immensely barbarous murder. Without a doubt, the execution of Ojeda Rios had been ordered at the highest levels of the United States Government. Unable to receive medical or legal aid, he had been allowed to bleed to death, and a journalist who had witnessed the whole thing had been told to deny it.

The assassination had uncovered a vicious cycle of State terrorism by the United States Government, and in the months since the death of Ojeda Rios, no investigations had reached any official conclusion, he said. The federal prosecutor and the FBI had recently said that documents in the case could not be disseminated under the Freedom of Information Act.

He said he had not come to cry over the dead, but to demand justice and the right of a nation to freedom and control of its economy, diplomacy and culture, as well as to demand that United States Homeland Security cease its constant persecution of him. There was no reason why he should require authorization from Washington, D.C., in order to travel since he was not a terrorist, but the proud son of a martyr. “Filiberto lives. Long live a free and sovereign Puerto Rico.”

MIGUEL SANCHEZ RIVERA, Coordinadora Nacional Rompiendo El Perimetro, said that he was a shoemaker who represented a regional group formed following the 23 September assassination by FBI agents of Filiberto Ojeda Rios. The general in charge of the Boricua Popular Army-Los Macheteros had formed it to denounce the assassination, to call for a full investigation and to alert independence activists to political repression. Three of the four nationals jailed for attacks against the United States Congress were from the western part of Puerto Rico, which had been the seat of much intense activism and subsequent political oppression by United States authorities. The group’s objective was to exhaust all available resources to reject and end that oppression, and many of its members were in United States prisons serving extreme sentences that were offensive. One such comrade, Antonio Camacho, was being drugged in prison to prevent him from understanding the physical and psychological abuse to which he was being subjected. Such abuse of prisoners was unjustifiable under United States and international law.

Following the murder of Mr. Ojeda Rios, independence fighters had been subjected to intimidation and interrogations, he said. The message to them was clear: independence was considered a danger and something to be kept under control. Such actions created a climate of insecurity. There must be a full transfer of power and a total withdrawal of the FBI and other repressive forces from Puerto Rico. The Department of Justice had not cooperated in the investigation of the murder, and, without providing any evidence, the FBI had stated that its investigation of independence fighters was intended to uncover a complex terrorist plan against public and private property. The independence fighters were not terrorists, but they continued to be harassed and, with little support from the Puerto Rican authorities, were left with no other alternative than to firmly denounce the United States Government’s criminal acts. The General Assembly should take up the matter and call for an end to such repression and for the eradication of colonialism.

BENJAMIN RAMOS ROSADO, ProLibertad Freedom Campaign, said the group was working to secure the freedom of Puerto Rican political prisoners and the decolonization of Puerto Rico. Imprisonment of people for their political convictions as part of an ongoing independence struggle was an international human rights violation and an act of repression. Puerto Ricans were second class citizens who could not vote in presidential elections and who had no representation in the United States Congress. American citizenship had been imposed on them, but Puerto Ricans were denied the basic rights that early Americans had fought a revolutionary war to possess. Puerto Rico’s current fiscal crisis was deeply rooted in the United States Government’s manipulation of its economy and business. When Puerto Ricans became too much of a threat to the status quo, they were either assassinated or incarcerated.

Making the case for the remaining five Puerto Rican political prisoners, three of whom had been incarcerated for 25 years, he said the prisoners were community activists, professionals, mothers, fathers and grandparents who found Puerto Rico’s colonial reality intolerable and unacceptable. As international citizens, they had the right to confront the United States Government. When they had been captured in April 1980, they had invoked prisoner-of-war status and argued that United States courts had no jurisdiction. They had petitioned to go before an impartial international court, but the United States had not recognized the request and had tried them anyway, imposing punitive and excessive sentences. While in prison, the prisoners had been tortured, raped, denied medical treatment, held in solitary confinement and denied counsel, all in direct violation of international norms.

The United States considered itself a bastion of democracy and freedom, yet it was currently occupying Haiti, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Iraq, Afghanistan and several other countries, he said. It was ironic that a country that had fought for its independence and self-determination against a colonizing Power would use the same methods of repression against other peoples. The United Nations must take immediate action to end the colonial occupation of Puerto Rico, meet the demands of the people of Vieques, and set forth the unconditional release of all the remaining Puerto Rican political prisoners.

(END OF MORNING MEETING)

 


Envía por EMAIL
 


The JavaScript Source